2021 Iziyobisi eziPhezulu eziPhezulu eziPhulukene noTywala kunye neziXhobo zokuNyanga ukutyeba, ngabaphi abo basebenza ngokuBalaseleyo?

 

Utyebe kakhulu okanye utyebe kakhulu? Ngaba unqwenela ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumzimba owongezelelekileyo xa usenza yonke imihla? Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nabantu abatyebe kakhulu basemngciphekweni wokuphuhla uninzi lweemeko zempilo ezijongela phantsi kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kumntu.

Uninzi lwabantu abatyebe kakhulu ekugqibeleni luthatha isigqibo sokuzama ukunciphisa umzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazisa ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga kwinto yemihla ngemihla kulucelomngeni, kwaye abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba abanako ukuphila ngokuzibophelela. Abanye bafumanisa ukuba abanakubonakala belahla ubunzima obugqithisileyo ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso lokutya kunye nokuzilolonga.

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kwabantu abalwa nokulahleka kobunzima banokufuna uncedo oluthile lwe-pharmacological. Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ndikunike isisombululo kwimizamo yakho yokunciphisa umzimba. Ivunyiwe yi-FDA ukulahleka kwemithi inokukunceda uchithe ubunzima obongezelelekileyo benqatha, ubuyisele umzimba wakho kwi-BMI esempilweni.

Esi sithuba sikhupha yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ukulahleka kwemithi. Siza kujonga uhlobo lokunciphisa iziyobisi, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye neziphumo onokuzilindela xa usebenzisa iikhompawundi zokwehla kobunzima.

 

Yintoni Ukutyeba Ngokugqithiseleyo?

Ukutyeba kakhulu yingxaki enkulu (nceda uxolele ipun). Ngokwesiqhelo, ukutyeba kakhulu kuxhaphakile kuqoqosho olusentshona oluphucukileyo, iMelika ikhokela umhlaba okhululekileyo kwiimeko zokutyeba ngabantu. Icandelo lezempilo lihlela abantu abatyebileyo njengabantu abane-Body Mass Index (BMI) engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu. Abantu abatyebe kakhulu banee-BMIs eziphakathi kwama-25 ukuya kuma-30.

I-Mass Mass Index (BMI) ngumlinganiso wobunzima bomzimba ngokunxulumene nokuphakama. Zininzi izinto zokubala ezikwi-Intanethi ezikunika indlela elula yokubala i-BMI yakho. Ukuqonda i-BMI yakho kunye nendlela edibana ngayo nempilo yakho kukunika uluvo lomngcipheko kwimpilo-ntle yakho.

Ukuba uqhagamshelana nesondlo esifanelekileyo, baya kubala i-BMI yakho kwaye bavavanye umngcipheko kwimpilo yakho. Banokucebisa ngesicwangciso sotshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nokwazisa umthambo ukunciphisa amanqatha omzimba kwaye ubuyisele umzimba wakho kwi-BMI esempilweni.

Ngokwesiqhelo, isondlo sakho okanye ingcali yezempilo iya kukwenza imephu yokutya kunye nesicwangciso sokuzilolonga ukubuyisa impilo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumanisa ukuba baneengxaki zokuphazamiseka emzimbeni, ezinje ngesifo se-metabolic, esikulahla kuhambo lwakho lokunciphisa umzimba.

Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha okanye ugqirha unokuyalela ukulahleka kwemithi ngokudibeneyo nesicwangciso sakho sokutya kunye nokuzilolonga.

 

Ukutyeba kakhulu-Isishwankathelo

Ukutyeba kakhulu imeko yonyango echaphazela abantu abane kwabalishumi baseMelika. Phantse umntu omnye kwabalishumi baseMelika ujongene neziphumo zokutyeba kakhulu kwimpilo yabo. Uninzi lweengcali zempilo zikholelwa ekubeni ukutyeba kakhulu kuya kuba ngubhubhane kubantu baseMelika.

Esi sifo sisoyikiso esikhulu kwimpilo yabantu abaninzi baseMelika, kuthathelwa ingqalelo abantu abazizigidi ezine abatyebe kakhulu besifa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nemeko minyaka le.

Ngelishwa, izinga lokutyeba kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala liyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Phakathi kowe-1975 ukuya koka-2016, inqanaba lokutyeba kakhulu ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo lonyuke amatyeli amane kubemi behlabathi, liqhubela phambili ukusuka kwi-4% ukuya kwi-18%.

Ke, yintoni eqhuba ukutyeba kakhulu kubemi? Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi batyebe kakhulu okanye batyebe kakhulu kuyo yonke imimandla ejikeleze umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Asiya kunye ne-Afrika esemaZantsi eSahara. Iingcali ekuqaleni zazicinga ukuba umba wokutyeba ubangelwa luqoqosho oluphucukileyo apho abantu banokufikelela okuphezulu ekukhetheni okungalunganga kokutya kunye nengeniso elahlwayo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zokutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu kwabantu ziyonyuka kuseto lweedolophu kuqoqosho olusakhulayo. Namhlanje, uninzi lwabantwana abatyebe kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu bahlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye naphakathi. Ngokophando, amaqondo okutyeba kakhulu kule mimandla angama-30% ngaphezulu kunakwilizwe lasentshona.

 

Ziintoni Iimpawu Zokutyeba Ngokugqithiseleyo?

ukutyeba akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye, kukuqokelelwa kweminyaka yokuphila okungenampilo. Abantu abaninzi abaqala ukutyeba abayiqondi loo nto ekuqaleni, okanye abanayo inkxalabo enkulu ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imeko yabo isiba mandundu, bangaqala ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu zokutyeba kakhulu ezingena kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Ezinye zeempawu kunye neempawu zokutyeba kubandakanya ezi zilandelayo.

• Isikhumba esidumbileyo esinamabala amnyama avela kwezinye iindawo.
• Uphuhliso lweempawu ezoluliweyo.
• I-Edema (ukudumba) kwimilenze esezantsi.
• Ukuvela kwemithambo ye-varicose kwimilenze esezantsi.

Abantu abaqaphela ezi mpawu badla ngokuba ne-BMI enkulu kunama-30. Amadoda ahlala ene-waistline ngaphezu kwe-intshi ezingama-40 kunye nee-intshi ezingama-35 kwabasetyhini. Ukutyeba kwabantu abanokumakishwa okwehlayo kumgangatho wobomi babo ngenxa yobunzima babo.

Aba bantu banokufumanisa ukuba abanakuthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo, kwizinto abazithandayo, okanye kwimisebenzi yomzimba. Inqanaba labo lokomelela lihlwempuzekile, kwaye abanakho ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeendawo zomsebenzi emzimbeni wabo. Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu kwabantu kunokubakhulisa iingxaki ngokuzithemba, kubangele ukuba babuye kubomi boluntu.

Ngelixa ukutyeba kunesiphumo esibonakalayo somzimba emzimbeni, kukwanomngcipheko wokuba umntu abe noxinzelelo lwengqondo. Abantu abachaphazelekayo banokujamelana nale mingeni ilandelayo kwimpilo yabo yengqondo ngenxa yokutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu.

• Uxinzelelo kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi.
• Ukukhubazeka kunye neengxaki zokuhamba.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo kunye nelahleko ye-libido.
• Ukuziva unetyala kunye neentloni ngokungakwazi ukujongana nomba wokutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukurhoxa kwizangqa zoluntu kunye nokuzahlula kwabanye.
• Amanqanaba asezantsi emveliso kwindawo yokusebenza.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko ye-metabolic engafanelekanga ebangela imiba emininzi yomzimba kumntu ochaphazelekayo. Zininzi izinto ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lokutyeba kakhulu. Ukuziphatha, imfuza, ihomoni, kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba kunokuchaphazela ukuqokelelwa komzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, esona sizathu siphambili sokuphuhliswa kokutyeba kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweekhalori kukutya komntu. Iikhalori ziyunithi yemilinganiselo yamandla equlethwe kukutya. Wonke umntu unenani elimiselweyo leekhalori eziyimfuneko ukuba azitye yonke imihla ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba kunye nokuba sempilweni.

Ukuthabatha ikhalori yakho yonke kubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uzobe isondlo esifunayo kwiivenkile zomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, umntu otya intsilelo yeekhalori ixesha elide uya kufumana ilahleko kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima.

Abo bantu bahlala besebenzisa iikhalori ezininzi kunombundu wabo baqala ukuqokelela amanqatha omzimba. Ukujonga ukuba ukutya okuninzi kwaseMelika kuphezulu kwiikhalori, akumangalisi ukubona awona manqanaba aphezulu okutyeba kwihlabathi e-US.

"Ukutya kwaseMelika" kokutya okukhawulezayo, isoda eneswekile, kunye neelekese kwazisa amawaka eekhalori emzimbeni, kwaye inkqubo yakho iguqula amandla agqithisileyo ekutyeni kwiivenkile ezityebileyo. Abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yokuxhalaba okanye yoxinzelelo bajike batye ukutya ukuze babathuthuzele.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sicwangciso-qhinga sokutya ukuze uzive ulungile senza ingxelo engalunganga yempendulo kwingqondo yomntu otyebileyo. Baba ngamakhoboka okukhululwa kwe-dopamine kwingqondo xa besitya ukutya okuthuthuzelayo. Okubangela umdla ngokwaneleyo kukuba, i-dopamine ikwayindlela ephambili ekhutshelwe kwingqondo xa iziyobisi zisebenzisa ityhefu eziyikhethileyo.

Iziyobisi ezinje ngecocaine, i-methamphetamine, kunye ne-uppers zenza u-dopamine omkhulu kwingqondo, ekhokelela kwimvakalelo yovuyo. Kumava afanayo, kuphela kancinci kancinci, kubantu abatyebe kakhulu abazifumana bengamakhoboka okutya ukutya okungenampilo.

 

Izinto ezinobungozi ekutyebeni

Njengaso nasiphi na esinye isifo se-metabolic okanye isifo, kukho iseti yomngcipheko kubantu abachaphazelekayo, ubenza babeke phambili ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwe ukunyanya.

 

Genetics

Abantu abanabazali abatyebe kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe namava okutyeba kakhulu ebusaneni nasekukhuleni ebudaleni.

 

Ukukhetha ukutya okungenampilo

Ukutya okuphezulu kukutya okucutshungulwayo kune-calorie-dense, ekhokelela kuphuhliso lokutyeba kakhulu.

 

Isoda kunye neziselo zamandla

Iziselo ezihlwahlwazayo kunye nezobisi ziqulethe amakhulu, ukuba awangamawaka, eekhalori kwindawo enye.

 

Indlela yokuHlala

Abantu abangenakho ukuzivocavoca kunye nokuvuselela umzimba abayitshisi iikhalori ezongezelelweyo, ezikhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima.

 

Amayeza kunye nezifo

I-Prader-Willi syndrome kunye neCushing syndrome yimizekelo yeengxaki ze-metabolic ezibangela ukuba umntu ochaphazelekayo atyebe. Amayeza anjenge-beta-blockers anokuphazamisa imetabolism, ekhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima.

 

Iingxaki zoqoqosho lwentlalo

Ngokutya okunesondlo okunexabiso eliphilayo kuya kubiza, uninzi lwabantu baseMelika banokukhetha ukutya ukutya okukhawulezayo. Ukunqongophala kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwiindawo ezithile kukhokelela kuphuhliso "lweentlango zokutya," apho ukutya okukhawulezayo iba kuphela kwendlela onokutya ngayo.

 

Ezinye izinto ezifaka isandla kuPhuhliso lokuTyeba kakhulu

Ukukhulelwa

Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka batye ezimbini. Emva kokuzalwa, banokuqhubeka nokutya kakhulu, okukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima. Utshintsho kwiihormones emzimbeni ngexesha nasemva kokukhulelwa kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima kwabanye abafazi ukuphulukana "nosana olusibhozo" emva kokuzalwa.

 

Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Ukuyeka ukutshaya kwandisa izinga lakho lokunciphisa umzimba. Njengokuba umzimba wakho ukhupha iityhefu emzimbeni, uqala ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuwe.

Njengokuba inqanaba lokunciphisa umzimba lisanda kwaye izicwili kunye namalungu ephila, afuna ukutya okungakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abayeka ukutshaya banokufuna ukugcwalisa umsantsa oshiywe ngumkhwa ngokutya kakhulu okanye ukutya okulula.

 

Umgangatho wokulala ombi

Umgangatho wokulala ongalunganga uchaphazela inkqubo yehomoni, ebangela ukuveliswa okungaphezulu kwe-ghrelin, ihormone yendlala. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ochaphazelekayo unokuziva elambile ngakumbi emini kwaye anqwenele ukutya okungenampilo.

 

istres

Abantu abaxinezeleke kakhulu banokuqala ukutya kakhulu njengendlela yokujongana noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo nezengqondo.

 

IMicrobiome

Inkqubo yethu yokwetyisa ihlala kwizigidi zebacteria eziluncedo, ezaziwa ngokuba zii "biomes." Ii-Biomes ziqhelana nokutya kwakho ukutsala isondlo ekutyeni kwakho, ukuzivalela kwigazi.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-biomes ziqhelana nokukhetha ukutya. Ke ngoko, ukuba utya ukutya okukhawulezayo, uya kukufumanisa kunzima ukuqala ukutya usempilweni. Kungenxa yokuba ii-biomes ziyakuchasa ukutya okutsha, zikwenza ukuba unqwenele ukutya abakusebenzisileyo.

 

Zithini iingozi zempilo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala?

Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu kuphila ngendlela ekhokelela kwimpilo enkenenkene. Eminye yemingcipheko yempilo ejongene nokutyeba kakhulu kunye nabantu abatyebe kakhulu kubandakanya oku kulandelayo.

 

Isifo sentliziyo kunye neStrowuku

ukutyeba kukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okubangela "uxinzelelo lwegazi" kumntu ochaphazelekayo. Abantu abanengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi banokufumana ukonzakala kwentliziyo kunye nokubakho kwesibetho okanye isifo sentliziyo ngenxa yempembelelo yokuhamba kwegazi.

 

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile

Ukutyeba kakhulu nabantu abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo baneengxaki zokugcina “ubuntununtunu kwi-insulin” yabo. Ngenxa yoko o0f rhoqo amanqanaba eswekile ephezulu yegazi, umntu ochaphazelekayo uphulukana nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wepancreas kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa i-insulin.

 

Iindidi ezithile zomhlaza

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuvela kwezi ndlela zilandelayo zomhlaza.

• Uterus
• Cervix
• I-endometrium
• yamaqanda
• Isisu
• Colon
• I-Rectum
• I-Esophagus
• Ibindi
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Izintso kunye neProstate

 

Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kwengxaki yokwetyisa enjenge-gall bladder disease, ukubola kwentliziyo, i-GERD, kunye nemicimbi yesibindi.

 

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle gynecological kunye nezesondo

Ukutyeba kakhulu kunegalelo kumaxesha angaqhelekanga kunye nokungachumi kwabafazi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamadoda.

 

I-Apnea yokulala

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu banamafutha omzimba angaphezulu emqaleni, anyanzele iindlela zomoya xa ulele. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ochaphazelekayo unokufumana amanqanaba eoksijini egazi asezantsi. Ukunqongophala kwegazi elinomoya-oksijini kukhokelela ekudinweni, kuthintelo lokuphazamiseka emzimbeni kunye nokuma komzimba, nkqu nokufa.

 

Osteoarthritis

Ukutyeba kakhulu kongeza ubunzima kwisakhelo sakho, kwaye inkqubo yamathambo ifunxa lo mthwalo. Ngenxa yoko, intlala kumalungu iyaphela ngokukhawuleza kunabantu abanobunzima obuqhelekileyo bomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abatyebe kakhulu banokufumana ukuqala kwe-osteoarthritis kumalungu abo, kunye nomqolo osezantsi, isinqe, amadolo kunye namaqatha njengezona ndawo zichaphazelekayo.

 

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 ezinzima

Ngokophando, ukutyeba yeyona nto iphambili ekukhonzeni iingxaki ezivela kwi-COVID-19. Abantu abatyebe kakhulu badla ngokuba “neempawu ezihlasimlis 'umzimba,” ezinjengesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nabo badweliswe apha ngasentla. Ngenxa yoko, banexesha elinzima lokujongana nesi sifo kunye nomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iziphumo ezibi.

 

Sinokukunyanga Njani Ukutyeba Ngokugqithiseleyo?

Unyango olwenzelwe ukunyanga ukutyeba kubandakanya ukuguqula indlela otya ngayo umntu kunye nokungenisa imithambo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zonyango zifuna ukuzibophelela kunye nokuzinikela ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokulahleka kwesisindo.

Umntu otyebe kakhulu okanye otyebe kakhulu uya kufumana umngeni omkhulu kolu hlengahlengiso. Ngesi sizathu, ugqirha ujonga iziphumo zokulahleka kwesisindo kwisigulana esenza utshintsho oluncinci ekuqaleni.

Ukuqala kancinci ngokuphulukana nobunzima kuvumela imetabolism yomntu kunye ne-gut biome ukulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nendlela ophila ngayo owenziwe ngumntu otyebe kakhulu. Iingcali zezempilo zijolise kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yokulahleka kwesisindo kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ukunciphisa i-BMI yesigulana kunye neziphumo zekomorbidities.

Iingcali zezempilo ziya kuyibeka esweni inkqubo, zilinganise kwaye zilinganise umntu rhoqo ngeveki okanye ngeenyanga ukujonga inkqubela phambili yazo. Njengoko unyango luqhubeka, ugqirha unokuzisa ukongezwa kwesisindo. Ezi zongezelelo zinceda abantu ukuba baphule kumathafa okwehla kobunzima apho ukuncipha komzimba kuncipha.

Isongezelelo sokulahleka kobunzima sinceda ukukhulisa imetabolism, nokuba umsebenzisi ukwimeko yokuphela kweekhalori ezisezantsi. Ukutya ukusilela kwekhalori ekugqibeleni kunciphisa umlinganiso we-metabolic kunye nelahleko yamafutha. Ukuqaliswa kwesongezelelo sokunciphisa umzimba kunokuqalisa imetabolism, ukukhawulezisa ukunciphisa umzimba.

Makhe sijonge ngokujulile ukutya kwekhaya, ukuzivocavoca, kunye nezongezelelo kunokuphucula ukulahleka kwesisindo.

 

Uhlengahlengiso lokutya

Ngelixa ukunciphisa umzimba kusenokubonakala kunzima, kubila kumgaqo omnye olula; Ukutya ukutya okuncinane kunekhalori oyifunayo mihla le. Xa undwendwela ingcali yezempilo kuvavanyo, babale i-BMI yakho kunye neemfuno zekhalori zemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, ukuba unayo yonke imihla iikhalori ezingama-2,500 XNUMX-khalori, ukutya phantsi kwalo mda kukhokelela ekulahlekeni kobunzima ngenxa yokusilela kwekhalori. Umzimba uqala ukulungelelanisa iivenkile ezinamafutha ukwenza ukusilela kwamandla kwindlela otya ngayo.

 

Yenza ukhetho olusempilweni lokutya

Ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza imephu yokutya okusekele kukutya okusempilweni othanda ukukutya. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba unganciphisa ubunzima ngokutya nakuphi na ukutya, ukuba nje utya phantsi komda wekhalori yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Isifundo sika-2010 esenziwe nguMark Haub samenza ukuba angatyi nto ngaphandle kweetyhubhu iiveki ezilishumi. Ngokuqinisekileyo ucinga ukuba okokutya kuye kwamenza wazuza ubunzima obukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zophononongo zibonise ukuba uphulukene neepawundi ezingama-27 kwiiveki ezilishumi. Wayikhupha njani? Elula, wayedla phantsi komqobo wakhe wekhalori.

Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ukuba yile layisenisi yokutya iiTwinkies kunye nokutya okungenamsoco, cinga kwakhona. Umgangatho wokutya ekutyeni kwakho ukwadlala indima enkulu ekulahlekeni kobunzima bakho. Umzekelo, iiTwinkies azinto ngaphandle kweswekile, izilondolozo, isiraphu yengqolowa, amafutha angenampilo, kunye neecarbs.

Umzimba wakho awunakuchuma ngokutya kunqongophele kwizimbiwa kunye neevithamini. Ukutya ukutya kweTwinkie kunokuba kuhle kuvavanyo, kodwa kuya kuyonakalisa impilo yakho ukuba utya iiTwinkies kunye nokutya okungekho mpilweni. Unokuphela uneengxaki zeswekile yegazi, ukusilela kweevithamini, kunye neengxaki zemetabolism.

Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye neziqhamo, imifuno, inyama engenamafutha, kunye nokucothisa ukutya okune-carbohydrate kuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho ufumana isondlo esifunekayo ukuze uhlale usempilweni ngexesha lokulahleka kobunzima bakho.

 

Qalisa iNkqubo yokuzivocavoca

Ukuzilolonga yinto ebalulekileyo kwidabi lokunyanyisa ukutyeba kakhulu. Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umzimba ngokutya kuphela (ngokutya phantsi komqobo wakho wekhalori), uya kuba namava okuphulukana nesisindo ngokukhawuleza ngokongeza umthambo kwinkqubo.

Ukuzilolonga kukhuthaza imetabolism, ikwenze utshise ngakumbi amandla kunye neevenkile ezinamafutha. Abantu abatyebe kakhulu bakwakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila "yokuhlala", ngaphandle kokuzilolonga kunye nokuvuselela umzimba kwinkqubo yemisipha.

Ngenxa yoko, izihlunu zenza inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "atrophy," apho zilele khona. Ke ngoko, abantu abatyebe kakhulu kufuneka basebenze indlela yabo kwinkqubo yokuzivocavoca ngokuthe chu.

Ukuqesha umqeqeshi wakho ukuze akuncede ekutshintsheni umzimba wakho kukunika inkxaso kunye nolwazi oludingayo ukuze wandise ukuthoba umzimba kwaye uncede inkqubo yemisipha iphinde ibuye kwi-atrophy. Umqeqeshi uya kuqala ngokunweba kunye nokukhanya kwe-cardio emsebenzini kwi-treadmill, ukwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza kwakho njengoko inkqubo yakho ye-muscular kunye ne-skeletal system iqinisa.

 

Unyango lwe-Pharmacological of Obesity

Abanye abantu abatyebe kakhulu kwaye batyebe kakhulu abanako ukuphendula ngendlela efanelekileyo yokutya kunye nokuzilolonga njengabanye. Ukuba unengxaki yokunciphisa umzimba, unokufuna ungenelelo lwe-pharmacological ukukunceda ulahle iivenkile ezityebileyo emzimbeni wakho.

 

Ugqirha Ukunciphisa iziyobisi

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu abane-BMIs ezinkulu kune-30 banokufuna ukuba amayeza okuphulukana nobunzima bokubanceda ukuba baqalise imetabolism, ukunciphisa ukuncipha.

Isifo seMetabolic yingqokelela yeengxaki zempilo. Ukudityaniswa kwezi ngxaki kucothisa i-metabolic rate kumntu ochaphazelekayo. Ke ngoko, banengxaki yokunciphisa ubunzima, nokuba kukutya okuthintelweyo, umthambo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesongezelelo sokunciphisa umzimba.

Ngokwabaqeqeshi bezempilo, iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo zesisindo zilungele abantu abajongana negalelo lokuphazamiseka kwezempilo okunxulumene nokukhuluphala, njenge-dyslipidemia, uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi), okanye isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.

Ukuzisa la mayeza kunye nokutya okunempilo kunye nenkqubo yokuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukukhulisa imetabolism. Ngenxa yoko, isigulana esingaphenduliyo siya kuqala ukubona ukwehla kobunzima.

 

Yintoni amayeza aChasene nokuTyeba kakhulu kwaye aSebenza njani?

Amachiza okulwa nokutyeba kunceda iingcali zonyango ziphathe ukutyeba kubantu abachaphazelekayo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya ukuze abone ukuba ungumgqatswa wonyango lokunciphisa ilahleko. Oogqirha bamisela amayeza okuphulukana nobunzima kwizigulana ezinenye okanye zombini ezi zinto zilandelayo.

• Ngokwesiqhelo, uya kuba ne-BMI ngaphezulu kwama-30.
• Unayo i-BMI engaphezulu kwama-27, ineengxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neswekile.

Xa udibana nodokotela wakho malunga nokulahleka kwesisindo sakho, baya kuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kuwe ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba ungumgqatswa wonyango lokunciphisa iziyobisi. Ugqirha uhamba nembali yakho yezonyango, ekubuza imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nempilo yakho.

Ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi; yiya ngaphaya kweenzuzo kunye neengozi zokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo kwinkqubo yakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimeko. Umzekelo, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, okanye abo bazama ukukhulelwa, kufuneka bakuphephe ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinciphisa ubunzima. Ezi zinto zinokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana kwaye zikhokelele ekuphupheni kwesisu kwezinye iimeko.

 

Zisebenza kangakanani iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo?

Amachiza amayeza okulwa nokutyeba kakhulu anemvume ye-FDA yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwimijikelezo yeeveki ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba la machiza enza ifuthe elibalulekileyo ekulahlekeni kwesisindo xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebos kumaqela olawulo.

Ukongeza iziyobisi zokulahleka kwesisindo njengesixhobo sokuncedisa ukutya okunesondlo kunye nenkqubo yokuzivocavoca kunokuhlawula ngaphezulu ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngokophando, ukongezwa kwamachiza okuphulukana nobunzima kwinkqubo yakho kunokunyusa izinga lokulahleka kwamafutha nge-3% ukuya kwi-7% ngaphezulu konyaka.

Ngelixa oko kunokuba ngathi kukunyuka okuncinci kwelahleko yamafutha, eneneni sisixa esikhulu.

 

Zeziphi izibonelelo zokuThoba iziyobisi?

Amachiza okulwa nokutyeba kakhulu anezibonelelo ezininzi zokuphucula amaxabiso okunciphisa umzimba ekutyebeni kakhulu kunye nabantu abatyebe kakhulu. Ukudibanisa la machiza kunye nokutya okusempilweni, intsilelo yeekhalori, kunye nenkqubo yokuzilolonga, isigulana sifumana ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abo batyebe kakhulu abasebenzisa unyango lokunciphisa iziyobisi kunye nesicwangciso sabo sezempilo banamava e-3% ukuya kwi-12% yenqanaba lokulahleka kwamafutha kunalawo angasebenzisi iyeza. Iziphumo ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba i-avareji yesisindo somzimba esijikeleze i-10% yobunzima bomzimba kwiiveki ezili-12 emva kokuqala unyango.

Ngenxa yokwehla ngokukhawuleza kobunzima, umntu otyebe kakhulu unciphisa iswekile yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nokuphucula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Isigulana siyakubona ukuphucuka komgangatho wokulala, ukuhamba ngokudibeneyo, kunye namanqanaba emini emini.

Ngokwesiqhelo, uninzi lokwehla kobunzima lwenzeka kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zokusebenzisa amayeza.

 

Iingcebiso zokusebenzisa iziyobisi

• Soloko ulandela imiyalelo yokulawula ilahleko yobunzima ebekwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Thenga amayeza akho okuphulukana nobunzima kwivenkile ekhemesti ekwi-intanethi okanye kwivenkile.
• Sebenzisa kuphela iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo xa unokutya ngendlela esempilweni kunye nenkqubo yokuzilolonga endaweni.
• Qinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda imiphumo yokulahleka kwesisindo kunye nemingcipheko echaphazelekayo ekuthatheni ukunciphisa umzimba
• Ukuba awulahli bunzima kwiveki yesithathu usebenzisa ilahleko zamayeza, xela ugqirha.
• Qinisekisa ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nawaphi na amayeza okulahleka kwesisindo okanye izongezo zokunciphisa umzimba ozisebenzisayo.
• Ungaze usebenzise iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo ukuba ukhulelwe, uncelisa, okanye uzama ukukhulelwa.

 

Zithini iintlobo zoThintelo lweziyobisi?

Amachiza okulwa nokutyeba kakhulu eza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa. Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga namayeza afanelekileyo okulahla ubunzima bakho yingxoxo ekufuneka ubenayo nogqirha wakho. Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ekuthatheni amayeza zibandakanya oku kulandelayo.

• Izibonelelo zokunciphisa umzimba iziyobisi.
• Ukwehla kobunzima: Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi.
• Imeko yakho yangoku yezempilo.
• Ishedyuli yakho yangoku yamayeza.
• Imbali yakho yonyango.

Ugqirha wakho uyakuhamba kuyo yonke le mibuzo nangaphezulu xa ekuvavanya ukuba uthomalalaphi na unyango lweziyobisi.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu olilungu elifanelekileyo lokufumana unyango ngamayeza. Ukuthatha naluphi na uhlobo lonyango lobunzima ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kukhetho lobuyatha noluyingozi.

 

Zeziphi iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo yi-FDA ukunciphisa umzimba?

Ngelixa zininzi iziyobisi ezichasene nokutyeba, bambalwa kuphela abanemvume yokunqwenela ye-FDA. Ukusukela ngo-2021, i-FDA iyawavuma la mayeza mane ukuze asetyenziswe kunyango lokunciphisa umzimba.

• Uluhlu (Xenical, Alli)
• Sibutramine
• Cetilistat
• ILorcaserin Hydrochloride

I-FDA okwangoku ivavanya ukusebenza kunye nokukhuseleka kwesiyobisi sesithandathu, setmelanotide (IMCIVREE). Eli khompawundi lilungele ukusetyenziswa kubantu abatyebe kakhulu abanokuphazamiseka kwimfuza. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho kufuneka avavanye kwezi ngxaki ngaphambi kokuba akuvume ukuba usebenzise ichiza kwinkqubo yakho yokulahleka kobunzima.

Izigulana zinokusebenzisa naziphi na iziyobisi ezilahlekileyo ezi-12 ezamkelweyo ze-FDA xa zifumene iziphumo ezibonakalayo kwaye akukho miphumo mibi yokulahleka kwesisindo. Ezi khompawundi zokulahleka kwesisindo ezithintela umdla wokutya kubasebenzisi zilungele kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwimijikelezo yeeveki ezili-XNUMX.

 

Iziyobisi ezi-4 eziPhezulu eziPhezulu zokuPhulukana noThwala kwiLizwe ngokuNyanga ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nabantu abatyebe kakhulu

Orlistat

I-Orlistat (Alli) lunyango lwekhawuntareni olufumanekayo ngaphandle kommiselo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-Orlistat inceda ngokufanelekileyo ukulahleka kwesisindo kubantu abatyebileyo xa isetyenziswa kunye nokutya okunempilo kunye nenkqubo yokuzivocavoca. Uphononongo lukwabonisa ukuba i-Orlistat izakukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwamafutha xa kuthelekiswa nokungasebenzisi iziyobisi.

Eli chiza lokulwa nokutyeba lilungele ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18. I-Xenical yinguqulelo ye-Alli enamandla ngakumbi, efumaneka ngommiselo.

I-Orlistat ikwalungele ukusetyenziswa kubantu abaphantsi kotyando lokwehla kobunzima. Iyeza linceda umzimba ekusingatheni isiphumo esibuyayo emva kotyando, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isigulana siyaqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ngamanqatha omzimba. I-Orlistat yinxalenye yosapho lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi "lipase inhibitors." I-Orlistat ibhloka ukutyeba kwamafutha kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, ukucoca nayiphi na inqatha engafakwanga ngaphandle ngokuhamba kwamathumbu akho. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba oogqirha bamisele unyango lwe-orlistat ecaleni kokutya okunamafutha asezantsi.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-Orlistat inciphisa "amanqatha e-visceral," ivenkile eshinyeneyo eqokelela eqokelelene emazantsi esisu kunye nezibambo zothando. Amafutha e-visceral ayingozi kwaye anokukhokelela kukuphazamiseka kwempilo njengoxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, ukubetha, kunye nesifo sentliziyo kwizigulana.

 

Cetilistat

Eli chiza lokulwa nokutyeba kakhulu luvavanyo lonyango lokunyameka olwenziwe nguAlizyme. Le nkampani ingcali ye-biopharmaceutical isebenzisane neTakeda Pharmaceutical ukwenza ichiza, elaziwa njenge "Cetilistat" okanye (ATL-962).

Ukusetyenziswa kweCetilistat ecaleni kwesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokuzilolonga kuthintela ipancreatic lipases, esebenza njengonyango olunamandla kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile okanye idyslipidemia ecaleni kokutyeba. Njenge-Orlistat, iCetilistat ifunxa amanqatha ekutyeni okutyayo, uyikhuphe emzimbeni xa uhamba emathunjini.

I-Cetilistat ikwanamandla okucinezela ngaphandle kokufumana impembelelo kwi-neurochemistry kwingqondo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango olwenziwe kwiCetilistat ngo-2008 lubonisa ukuba lukhuthaza ukwehla kobunzima obubalulekileyo kwizigulana. Uphando lukwabonisa ukuba abantu abatyebe kakhulu banokunyamezelana kwiCetilistat, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeCetilistat.

 

ILorcaserin Hydrochloride

I-Lorcaserin lelinye ichiza lokulwa nokutyeba kakhulu elinokusetyenziswa kubantu abadala. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iLorcaserin ikhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokuthintela umphumo wokuhla emva kokugqiba amayeza. Ngokusemthethweni, inzululwazi yezonyango ichaza uLorcaserin njenge- "serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor agonist."

Inzululwazi yezonyango ayiqinisekanga malunga ngqo nendlela yokusebenza yebhayoloji ebangela ukunciphisa umzimba kwisigulana. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zicinga ukuba iLorcaserin ngokukhetha ivuselela i-5-HT2C receptor kwi-hypothalamus. Ihypothalamus ngummandla wobuchopho onoxanduva lokulawula indlala kunye nokutya okutyayo.

I-Lorcaserin yenza ukuba ezi zinto zifunyenwe, zincede isigulana sinciphise ukutya. Ikwenza oko ngokudala imvakalelo yokuhlutha ngaphambili ngelixa usitya. Ngenxa yoko, isigulana siziva sigcwele ngelixa sisitya ukutya okuncinci kunesiqhelo. Esi sicwangciso senza kube lula kumntu otyebileyo ukuba aqhubeke nokusilela kwikhalori.

I-Lorcaserin inoluhlu njengeshedyuli IV elawulwa ngamachiza, kwaye ifumaneka kuphela ngugqirha wakho ngugqirha. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba iLorcaserin inokubangela ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi, ke ugqirha wakho uya kuyibeka esweni inkqubela yakho emva kokuthatha iLorcaserin.

 

Sibutramine

I-Sibutramine lelinye ichiza lokulahleka kobunzima elidlala kwi-neurochemistry yengqondo. I-Sibutramine inokutshintsha isimilo se-neurotransmitters kwingqondo, ichaphazele unxibelelwano phakathi kwengqondo kunye ne-nerves kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Sebenzisa iSibutramine iibhlokhi zokuphinda uthathe i-dopamine, norepinephrine, kunye ne-serotonin. Ezi neurotransmitters zinamandla zivelisa ulonwabo kwingqondo xa usitya ukutya okuthandayo. Ngenxa yoko, abaguli bafumanisa ukuba abasakunqweneli ukutya abakuthandayo okukhawulezileyo kunye neelekese okanye isoda, okwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa nendlela yabo yokuphila entsha.

I-Sibutramine iyasebenza, kwaye uninzi lwezigulana lubona ukwehla nge-5% ukuya kwi-10% kubunzima bomzimba ngokusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kweenyanga ezintandathu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iSibutramine isebenza kwizicwangciso zokulahleka kwesisindo kunokuba inokuphucula iprofayili ye-lipid (cholesterol) kubasebenzisi.

 

I-Orlistat vs Cetilistat vs Lorcaserin hydrochloride (HCL), yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo ukunciphisa umzimba?

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ichiza elifanelekileyo lokulwa nokutyeba, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho. Sicinga ukuba ezona zixhobo zokulahleka kwesisindo zokunyanga ukutyeba kakhulu yi-Orlistat, iCetilistat, kunye neLorcaserin, kwaye siza kuthelekisa ukusebenza komntu ngamnye ukunyanga ukutyeba.

I-Orlistat isebenza ngokucotha ukufunxwa kwamafutha okutya yinkqubo yokwetyisa. I-Lorcaserin inciphisa indlala kunye nokunqwenela ukutya, kunye neCetilistat inikezela ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokunciphisa amafutha.

Uphando ngokusebenza kwezi ziyobisi zokuphulukana nobunzima lubonisa ukuba iLorcaserin yeyona isebenzayo kwezi zintathu ekunciphiseni ujikelezo lwesinqe emva kweenyanga ezili-12 zokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-5% yezigulana ziyeke ukusebenzisa i-Orlistat kunye neLorcaserin ngenxa yokuqala kwemiphumo emibi.

Olunye uphononongo luthelekise iziphumo zeCetilistat ukuya kwi-Orlistat kwizigulana ezityebe kakhulu ezineengxaki zesifo seswekile. Emva kweeveki ezili-12, ukulahleka kwesisindo kwiqela leCetilistat kwakukhulu kune-placebo kwaye kufana ne-Orlistat.

Nangona kunjalo, isifundo sikwabonisa ukuba izehlo ezichasayo zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-Orlistat, kunye neqela le-Orlistat eliphuhlisa inani eliphezulu leziganeko ezimbi.

Ngokubanzi, kubonakala ngathi iCetilistat lukhetho olungcono. Abasebenzisi bafumana iziganeko ezimbalwa ezimbi kunye nemiphumo emibi ngelixa begcina izibonelelo ze-Orlistat kunye neLorcaserin.

 

I-FAQ kwiziyobisi ezilahlekileyo

Q: Ndifuna ixesha elingakanani ukubona iziphumo emva kokusebenzisa iziyobisi?

A: Ixesha lonyango lwakho lixhomekeke kunyamezelo lwakho leziyobisi kunye nokusebenza kwalo ekuncedeni ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokuzigcina. Ukuba uphatha ilahleko yesisindo ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye ubona iziphumo, ugqirha wakho unokukugcina kuyo kude kube uxele imicimbi emibi okanye ufikelele kwiinjongo zakho zokulahleka kobunzima.

Ukuba uqala ukusebenzisa ichiza kwaye awunaziphumo zibonakalayo emva kweeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine kwidosi epheleleyo yeyeza, thetha nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha ichiza okanye akucebise ngokuchasene nawe ukuba uthathe naluphi na uhlobo lwamayeza okulwa nokutyeba kakhulu.

Ukuba awulahli ubunzima ngelixa usebenzisa iyeza lokulwa nokutyeba kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa indlela otya ngayo kunye nenkqubo yokuzilolonga. Banokukuthumela kugqirha ogqirha oza kukuvavanya kuvavanyo lwe-bariatric ukunciphisa umzimba.

Kuba ukutyeba yimeko engapheliyo, abaguli baya kufuna ukwenza indlela yokuphila engapheliyo kunye nokulungiswa kokutya ukuqinisekisa ukuba abapheleli apho baqale khona.

 

Q: Ngaba ndiza kuqala ukutyeba kwakhona emva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezichasene nokutyeba kakhulu?

A: Izigulana zingalindela inqanaba elithile le "rebound" emva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, isigulana siya kukufumanisa kulula ukuyitshintsha iyeza ngaphandle kokubeka ngaphezulu kweponti okanye ezimbini.

Kubalulekile ukuba abaguli bakhe ukutya okutsha kunye nokuzilolonga kwimikhwa yokubanceda ukuba babugcine ubunzima emva kokutshintsha iziyobisi. Ngokwezikhokelo zomsebenzi womdibaniso, abantu kufuneka bafumane ubuncinci i-150 ukuya kwi-300-imizuzu yokusebenza ngokulinganayo kwe-aerobic veki nganye. Izigulana kufuneka zibandakanye uqeqesho lwamandla kwinkqubo yazo yokuzilolonga kabini ngeveki.

 

Q: Ngaba i-inshurensi yam yezempilo iya kuzihlawula iindleko zonyango lwam lokutyeba kakhulu?

A: Kuxhomekeke kwi-inshurensi yakho nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, bonke abantu beinshurensi yezempilo baya kuhlawula ubuncinci inxalenye yeendleko zonyango. Nxibelelana ne-inshurensi yakho yezempilo kwaye ubabuze ukuba ngaba unayo ikhuselo lokunciphisa iziyobisi.

 

Q: Kutheni le nto iingcali zokhathalelo lwempilo zisebenzisa amayeza "ngaphandle kwelebula" ukunyanga ubunzima bomzimba?

A: Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokuthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa iyeza lokunciphisa umzimba ngeenjongo ezingezizo ezokusetyenziswa kunye nokuvunywa kwe-FDA. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa kweyeza. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika iyeza elifanelekileyo lokunyanga enye imeko kwaye ulisebenzise ukunyanga ukutyeba.

Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa kakhulu iziyobisi ezifanelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ngaphandle kwelebheli ekunciphiseni ubunzima. Ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma enye yeziyobisi ezine zokulahleka kwesisindo ezichazwe kule post kwinkqubo yakho yokulahleka kwesisindo. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu baqonde ukuba akufuneki basebenzise nasiphi na isiyobisi ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha ngako.

 

Kwenziwa kanjani Thenga iziyobisi ezithembekileyo zokulahleka kobunzima kwi-Intanethi

Emva kokudibana nogqirha wakho, baya kukunika iyeza elifanelekileyo lonyango olufanelekileyo lokulahleka ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho, ukugcwalisa iscript sakho, unokukhetha ukuya kwivenkile ekhemesti okanye ikhemesti ekwi-intanethi. Ukuphulukana nobunzima kwi-Intanethi Ikhemesti nayo ikulungele kakhulu, inokuthumela iyeza emnyango wakho, ugcine ixesha lakho kwivenkile ekhemesti.

Yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthenge kuphela amayeza okuphulukana nobunzima kwi-intanethi kumthengisi ohloniphekileyo wokuhambisa iziyobisi, kwaye ikhemesti ekwi-intanethi Kuya kufuneka ikunike indlela yokujonga umgangatho wamachiza abo okuphulukana nobunzima. Ungaze uodole amayeza abo kubathengisi bokunciphisa umzimba kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kokugcwalisa ulwazi olusisiseko oluvavanyayo.

 

Amanqaku aKhanyayo